Prevalence and costs of malnutrition in hospitalized patients; the PREDyCES Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The main objective of the PREDyCES study was twofold. First, to analyse the prevalence of hospital malnutrition in Spain, both at admission and at discharge, and second, to estimate the hospital costs associated with disease-related malnutrition. METHODS: The study was a nationwide, cross-sectional, observational, multicentre study in routine clinical practice, which assessed the prevalence of hospital malnutrition both at patient admission and discharge using NRS-2002. A study extension analysed the incidence of complications associated with malnutrition, excess hospital stay and healthcare costs associated with hospital malnutrition. RESULTS: Malnutrition was observed in 23.7% of patients according to NRS-2002. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, presence of malignant disease, diabetes mellitus, dysphagia and polymedication were the main factors associated with the presence of malnutrition. Malnutrition was associated with an increase in length of hospital stay, especially in patients admitted without malnutrition but who presented malnutrition at discharge (15.2 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.001), with an associated additional cost of €5,829 per patient. CONCLUSION: In Spanish hospitals, almost one in four patients is malnourished. This condition is associated with increased length of hospital stay and associated costs, especially in patients developing malnutrition during hospitalization. Systematic screening for malnutrition should be generalised in order to implement nutritional interventions with well-known effectiveness.

Prevalence and costs of malnutrition in hospitalized patients; the PREDyCES® Study / Prevalencia y costes de la malnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados; estudio PREDyCES®

Background and aims: The main objective of the PREDyCES® study was twofold. First, to analyse the prevalence of hospital malnutrition in Spain, both at admission and at discharge, and second, to estimate the hospital costs associated with disease-related malnutrition. Methods: The study was a nationwide, cross-sectional, observational, multicentre study in routine clinical practice, which assessed the prevalence of hospital malnutrition both at patient admission and discharge using NRS-2002®. A study extension analysed the incidence of complications associated with malnutrition, excess hospital stay and healthcare costs associated with hospital malnutrition. Results: Malnutrition was observed in 23.7% of patients according to NRS-2002®. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, presence of malignant disease, diabetes mellitus, dysphagia and polymedication were the main factors associated with the presence of malnutrition. Malnutrition was associated with an increase in length of hospital stay, especially in patients admitted without malnutrition but who presented malnutrition at discharge (15.2 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.001), with an associated additional cost of €5,829 per patient. Conclusion: In Spanish hospitals, almost one in four patients is malnourished. This condition is associated with increased length of hospital stay and associated costs, especially in patients developing malnutrition during hospitalization. Systematic screening for malnutrition should be generalised in order to implement nutritional interventions with well-known effectiveness (AU)

Justificación y objetivos: El estudio PREDyCES® tuvo dos objetivos principales. Primero, analizar la prevalencia de desnutrición hospitalaria (DH) en España tanto al ingreso como al alta, y segundo, estimar sus costes asociados. Métodos: Estudio nacional, transversal, observacional, multicéntrico, en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual que evaluó la presencia de desnutrición hospitalaria al ingreso y al alta mediante el NRS-2002®. Una extensión del estudio analizó la incidencia de complicaciones asociadas a la desnutrición, el exceso de estancia hospitalaria y los costes sanitarios asociados a la DH. Resultados: La prevalencia de desnutrición observada según el NRS-2002® fue del 23.7%. El análisis multivariante mostró que la edad, el género, la presencia de enfermedad oncológica, diabetes mellitus, disfagia y la polimedicación fueron los factores principales que se asociaron a la presencia de desnutrición. La DH se asoció a un incremento de la estancia hospitalaria, especialmente en aquellos pacientes que ingresaron sin desnutrición y que presentaron desnutrición al alta (15.2 vs 8.0 días; p < 0.001), con un coste adicional asociado de 5.829€ por paciente. Conclusiones: Uno de cada cuatro pacientes en los hospitales españoles se encuentra desnutrido. Esta condición se asocia a un exceso de estancia hospitalaria y costes asociados, especialmente en pacientes que se desnutren durante su hospitalización. Se debería generalizar el cribado nutricional sistemático con el objetivo de implementar intervenciones nutricionales de conocida eficacia (AU)

The burden of hospital malnutrition in Spain: methods and development of the PREDyCES® study / El coste de la desnutrición hospitalaria en España: método y desarrollo del estudio PREDyCES®

It is well known that hospital malnutrition is ahighly prevalent condition associated to increase morbidity and mortality as well as related healthcarecosts. Although previous studies have already measured the prevalence and/or costs of hospital nutrition in our country, their local focus (at regionalor even hospital level) make that the true prevalence and economic impact of hospital malnutrition for the National Health System remain unknown inSpain. The PREDyCES® (Prevalence of hospitalmal nutrition and associated costs in Spain) study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hospital malnutrition in Spain and to estimate related costs.Some aspects made this study unique: a) It was the first study in a representative sample of hospitals ofSpain; b) different measures to assess hospital malnutrition (NRS2002, MNA as well as anthropometric and biochemical markers) where used both at admission and discharge and, c) the economic consequences of malnutrition where estimated using the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (AU)

Es bien sabido que la desnutrición hospitalaria es un proceso altamente prevalente asociado al aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad, así como a elevados costes sanitarios. Aunque estudios previos han medido la prevalencia y/o los costes de la nutrición hospitalaria en nuestro país, su enfoque local(regional o incluso a nivel hospitalario) hacen que la verdadera prevalencia e impacto económico de la desnutrición hospitalaria para el Sistema Nacional de Salud sean aún desconocidos en España. El objetivo del estudio PREDyCES®(Prevalencia de la Desnutrición hospitalaria y los Costes asociados en ESpaña) fue evaluar la prevalencia de la desnutrición hospitalaria en España y estimar sus costes asociados.Algunos aspectos de este estudio lo hicieron singular: a) Fue el primer estudio de este tipo con una muestra representativa de los hospitales de España, b) se utilizaron diferente medidas para evaluar la desnutrición hospitalaria (NRS 2002,MNA, así como marcadores antropométricos y bioquímicos)tanto en el momento del ingreso como al alta hospitalaria y, c)se estimaron las consecuencias económicas de la desnutrición desde la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud español (AU)

The burden of hospital malnutrition in Spain: methods and development of the PREDyCES® study.

It is well known that hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent condition associated to increase morbidity and mortality as well as related healthcare costs. Although previous studies have already measured the prevalence and/or costs of hospital nutrition in our country, their local focus (at regional or even hospital level) make that the true prevalence and economic impact of hospital malnutrition for the National Health System remain unknown in Spain. The PREDyCES® (Prevalence of hospital malnutrition and associated costs in Spain) study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hospital malnutrition in Spain and to estimate related costs. Some aspects made this study unique: a) It was the first study in a representative sample of hospitals of Spain; b) different measures to assess hospital malnutrition (NRS2002, MNA as well as anthropometric and biochemical markers) where used both at admission and discharge and, c) the economic consequences of malnutrition where estimated using the perspective of the Spanish National Health System.

[Head and neck cancer patients included at home enteral nutrition by tube]. / Pacientes afectos de neoplasia de cabeza-cuello con nutrición enteral domiciliaria por sonda.

OBJECTIVE: To know characteristics and the patients' evolution with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy treatment and they were included at a home enteral nutrition (HEN) by feeding tube programme. To analyse the weight evolution according to the start of HEN before or after radiotherapy. METHODS: Observational study of tube feeding patients with head and neck cancer who were included in HEN programme in our hospital for two years. Variables analysed: gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Karnofsky Index (KI), reason for nutritional support, type of feeding tube, formula used and prescribed caloric contribution, necessity to change access device and HEN days. RESULTS: 62 patients were studied (77.4% men; 22.6% women). Age 64 +/- 10.1 years (rang: 39-90). The dysphagia was the main cause to begin enteral nutrition by feeding tube in these patients. Naso-gastric tube was prevalence (67.7%). The most used formula was polymeric hypercaloric diet with a mean of caloric contribution of 1,629 +/- 267.09 kcal/day. Overall, there was a weight loss in all patients during the study period time. However, patients who began the HEN by feeding tube before the radiotherapy treatment, the BMI did not decrease. CONCLUSION: All patients who began feeding tube before oncological treatment didn't lose weight for the period of study.

Pacientes afectos de neoplasia de cabeza-cuello con nutrición enteral domiciliaria por sonda / Head and neck cancer patients included at home enteral nutrition by tube

Objetivo: Conocer las características y la evolución de los pacientes diagnosticados de neoplasia de cabeza y cuello (NCC) que precisaron recibir tratamiento de radioterapia y que fueron atendidos en un programa de nutrición enteral por sonda a domicilio (NESD). Análisis del peso en función de administrar la nutrición enteral antes o después del inicio de la radioterapia. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de pacientes con NCC incluidos en el programa de NESD de nuestro hospital durante 2 años. Variables analizadas: sexo, edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de Karnofsky (IK), motivo del inicio de soporte nutricional, tipo de sonda para la administración de la nutrición, tipo de fórmula nutricional y aporte calórico prescrito, necesidad de cambio de vía y días de NESD. Resultados: Se incluyeron 62 pacientes (77,4% varones y 22,6% hembras) con una edad media de 64 años ± 10,1 (rango entre 39 y 90). La disfagia fue el motivo principal de colocación de sonda en estos pacientes. Predominio de sonda nasogástrica (67,7%). La fórmula más utilizada fue la polimérica hipercalórica con un aporte calórico de 1.629 ± 267,09 kcal/día. Globalmente, se observó una pérdida de peso en todos los pacientes durante el período de estudio. Sin embargo, aquellos en los que se inició la NESD antes de la radioterapia el IMC no disminuyó. Conclusión: Los pacientes que iniciaron nutrición por sonda con anterioridad al tratamiento oncológico no perdieron peso durante el periodo de estudio (AU)

Objective: To know characteristics and the patients' evolution with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy treatment and they were included at a home enteral nutrition (HEN) by feeding tube programme. To analyse the weight evolution according to the start of HEN before or after radiotherapy. Methods: Observational study of tube feeding patients with head and neck cancer who were included in HEN programme in our hospital for two years. Variables analysed: gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Karnofsky Index (KI), reason for nutritional support, type of feeding tube, formula used and prescribed caloric contribution, necessity to change access device and HEN days. Results: 62 patients were studied (77.4% men; 22.6% women). Age 64 ± 10.1 years (rang: 39-90). The dysphagia was the main cause to begin enteral nutrition by feeding tube in these patients. Naso-gastric tube was prevalence (67.7%). The most used formula was polymeric hypercaloric diet with a mean of caloric contribution of 1,629 ± 267.09 kcal/day. Overall, there was a weight loss in all patients during the study period time. However, patients who began the HEN by feeding tube before the radiotherapy treatment, the BMI did not decrease. Conclusion: All patients who began feeding tube before oncological treatment didn't lose weight for the period of study (AU)

Declaración de Praga / The Prague Declaration

No disponible

No disponible

Introducción al problema: nutrición y oncología / No disponible

No disponible

Epidemiología: causas de la malnutrición en el cáncer / No disponible

No disponible

Impacto del estado nutricional en la evolución del paciente: cumplimiento del tratamiento oncológico y tolerancia al mismo, calidad de vida e impacto psicosocial / No disponible

No disponible

Cribado y valoración del estado nutricional en el cáncer / No disponible

No disponible

Criterios de intervención nutricional: objetivos, indicaciones y evidencias / No disponible

No disponible

Criterios de intervención coadyuvante. Recomendaciones / No disponible

No disponible

Intervención y seguimiento en el postratamiento. Recomendaciones / No disponible

No disponible

[Conclusions of the III SENPE Debate Forum on specialized nutritional support: ethical issues]. / Conclusiones del III Foro de Debate SENPE. Soporte nutricional especializado: aspectos eticos.

Conclusions of the III SENPE-Abbott Debate Forum on several ethical issues of specialized nutritional support in hospitalized patients and outpatients. An insight in the principle of equity is given depending on geographical location, in its indications both as a primary therapy and palliative care, and in informed consent.

[Catheter-related infection in home-based parenteral nutrition: outcomes from the NADYA group and presentation of a new protocol]. / Infección asociada al catéter en nutrición parenteral domiciliaria: resultados del grupo NADYA y presentación del nuevo protocolo.

Hom parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a nutritional support modality that allows for the supply of parenteral nutrition bags to the patient's home. Since its first use in the late 60s, this therapy has allowed maintaining patients with intestinal failure alive that previously were doomed to death. In our country, this therapy is used by 2.15 patients pmp. According to the NADYA data, catheter-related infections account for 50% of all HPN-related complications. In larger series, infection rates are 0.5-2 infections/1000 days or 0.3-0.5 infections/patient/year. Most of them are produced by gram-positive organisms that migrate from the skin or from catheter connections to the tip. These infections are diagnosed by means of clinical data and with different microbiological cultures. When treating these infections, it is important to keep the catheter in place, and administering antibiotics through it, conventionally or with the antibioticolade technique.

Conclusiones del III Foro de Debate SENPE. Soporte nutricional especializado: aspectos éticos / Conclusions of the III SENPE debate forum on specialized nutritional support: ethical issues

Conclusiones del III Foro de Debate SENPE-Abbott sobre diferentes aspectos éticos del soporte nutricional especializado en el paciente hospitalizado y en el domiciliario y ambulatorio. Se profundiza en el principio de equidad dependiendo de la localización geográfica, en las indicaciones tanto como terapia primaria y como cuidados paliativos y, en el consentimiento informado (AU)

Conclusions of the III SENPE-Abbott Debate Forum on several ethical issues of specialized nutritional support in hospitalized patients and outpatients. An insight in the principle of equity is given depending on geographical location, in its indications both as a primary therapy and palliative care, and in informed consent (AU)

Infección asociada al catéter en nutrición parenteral domiciliaria: resultados del grupo NADYA y presentación del nuevo protocolo / Catheter-related infection in home-based parenteral nutrition: outcomes from the nadya group and presentation of a new protocol

La nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) es una modalidad de soporte nutricional que permite la administración de las bolsas de nutrición parenteral en el propio domicilio del enfermo. Desde su utilización a finales de los años 60, este tratamiento ha permitido mantener con vida a pacientes con fallo intestinal que previamente estaban destinados a la muerte. En nuestro país la utilización de este tratamiento es de 2,15 pacientes/ millón de habitantes. Según los datos de NADYA las infecciones del catéter suponen el 50% de todas las complicaciones relacionadas con la NPD. En las series con mayor número de pacientes las tasas de infección son de 0,5-2 infecciones/1000 días o de 0,3-0,5 infecciones/paciente/ año. La mayoría de ellas están producidas por microorganismos gram positivos que migran desde la piel o desde las conexiones del catéter hasta la punta del mismo. El diagnóstico de estas infecciones se realiza con datos clínicos y con diferentes tipos de cultivos microbiológicos. En el tratamiento de estas infecciones es importante intentar mantener el catéter, administrando los antibióticos a través del mismo de forma convencional o bien mediante la técnica del sellado con antimicrobianos (AU)

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a nutritional support modality that allows for the supply of parenteral nutrition bags to the patient's home. Since its first use in the late 60s, this therapy has allowed maintaining patients with intestinal failure alive that previously were doomed to death. In our country, this therapy is used by 2.15 patients pmp. According to the NADYA data, catheter-related infections account for 50% of all HPN-related complications. In larger series,infection rates are 0.5-2 infections/1000 days or 0.3-0.5 infections/patient/year. Most of them are produced by gram-positive organisms that migrate from the skin or from catheter connections to the tip. These infections are diagnosed by means of clinical data and with different microbiological cultures. When treating these infections, it is important to keep the catheter in place, and administering antibiotics through it, conventionally or with the antibioticolade technique (AU)

[Conclusions to the first Baxter-Senpe workshop on: ready-to-use (RTU) products for parenteral nutrition]. / Conclusiones de la Primera Mesa de Trabajo BAXTER-SENPE sobre productos listos para uso (RTU) en Nutrición Parenteral.

Conclusions to the workshop on ready-to use (RTU) products for parenteral nutrition. An approximation is done to the definition and advantages in comparison to other parenteral nutrition models. Issues related to management, RTU composition and hospital- and home-based indications are highlighted.